The history of Mexico extends from a long line of advanced Native American civilizations with accomplishments rivaling those of the Egyptians and early Europeans. There is evidence that these indigenous peoples had accurate calendars, understood astronomy, were master craftspeople, and built huge empires. The Olmecs are the first known inhabitants of
the area; evidence of their culture dates from about 2000 BC, although
human artifacts have been found from 9000 BC. The Mayas built extraordinary
cities throughout North and Central America, but their empire fell
in the 12th century. The Aztecs formed the last great empire before
Hernán Cortés arrived in 1519 and set about conquering
the area. The Spanish ruled for three centuries, exploiting the country for its mineral and other resources. They introduced Christianity and virtually destroyed the Aztec culture, razing temples and building churches in their place. Mexico was one of the first countries to
rebel against Spanish rule. A movement toward independence, led
by a Mexican priest named Miguel Hidalgo, began in 1810. He was
executed in 1811, but others continued the struggle, and independence
was achieved in 1821. A constitution was written in 1824, and a
republic was established. |
